Sunday, 12 December 2021

Problem areas for English language learners: infinitive tenses

 

A teacher has got strengths and weaknesses depending on their ability and natural inclinations. For example I am rather lousy at drawing --though I do try hard-- but I can make the most of every opportunity a text affords me to clarify, illustrate and further practise language issues.

I feel that some problematic areas for learners of English are not given proper attention by course or grammar book writers. If you look at a typical course of English, you will not fail to notice an excessive emphasis on tenses in the indicative mood so much so that one gets practice for the Present and Past tenses right into Proficiency level. To my mind, this is superfluous given that a B2 level student should be able to use those quite efficiently. On the other hand, there are other grammar points introduced well into a typical course that require further development and consolidation if only because they are too sophisticated to be assimilated by younger or lower-level learners.

In my experience of teaching mainly Greek people, one of those areas in English grammar which merit special attention and should be dealt with in more detail is the infinitive tenses and their inextricable link with modal verbs. My point is that the tense for most modal verbs provides no clue as to the time the verb phrase refers to and it is the tense of the infinitive that is the time marker. (Could for ability is a time marker but not for possibility whereas may or might are no time markers and one needs to denote the time by choosing the appropriate infinitive tense.)

However, in Greek and other languages, I imagine, it is not the infinitive but the subjunctive tenses which denote time.  As a result, it is quite difficult for Greek learners to comprehend the infinitive tense use or grasp the idea that the infinitive has tenses but does not agree with the subject in person. This leads to mistakes of this kind:

He should has tried more.

The above sentence shows that there is some understanding of infinitive tenses but not sufficient understanding of the infinitive as a non-conjugated form. The mistake is the result of mental translation in the mother tongue, which equates infinitive to subjunctive. (Greek is a morphologically rich language with person differences marked by different endings.)

In order that my students get enough practice of problem grammar areas, I take advantage of original texts which provide ample examples of a particular structure either underlining the examples of this particular structure or creating an exercise.

What follows is an instance of what I have tried to illustrate so far. In addition to infinitive tenses, the text lent itself to some practice of noun adjuncts (I have already discussed this in a previous post of mine in detail providing a methodology of making sense of noun adjuncts by Greek learners.)

The first exercise is meant to be completed before reading the news story and check in the process of reading it while the second evidently is to be done while reading the text.

 

Police step up search for missing hospital worker Petra Srncova

            The Guardian 11 December 2021

Put the words in the right order to reconstruct the noun phrases. Translate the phrases in your first language.

a.      hospital, missing, children’s, worker, a

b.     nurse, senior, a, assistant

c.      her, address, home

d.     a, conference, press

e.      home, her, country

f.       our, service, national, health

Read the news story carefully and put the verbs in brackets in the correct infinitive form:

A missing children’s hospital worker is believed to …….......................... (disappear) on her way home from work, police said on Saturday, as Labour MP Harriet Harman launched an appeal for information on her constituent[1].

Petra Srncova, 32, a senior nurse assistant at Evelina London children’s hospital in Westminster, was reported missing on 3 December by a concerned colleague, and officers are intensifying their efforts to try to ………………………….(find) her.

Srncova is believed to ……………………………(leave) the hospital at 19.45pm on 28 November. She is thought to ……………………………. (wear) a green coat and ………………………………..(carry) a red backpack at the time, the Metropolitan police said.

It is believed that Srncova withdrew money from a cashpoint, before boarding a bus towards Elephant and Castle. She is then thought to ……………………………………(change) to a bus travelling southbound towards her home address in Camberwell, where she was last sighted at 20.22pm.

A man has been arrested in connection with her disappearance and remains in custody, the Met added.

“Petra is missing, and we want people to help the police find her,” Harman said at a press conference she held on Saturday afternoon in her constituency[2] of Camberwell.

She added: “She’s been missing for quite a few days now, she’s only 32, she’s from the Czech Republic, her parents of course are desperately worried about her, and I feel we’ve all got a particular responsibility to ……………………..(ttry)and ………………………(find) her because she was away from her home country, away from her family, here working for our national health service.”

A Met spokesperson said police have approached her family in the Czech Republic and “they have not heard from her”.

They added:“Officers are growing increasingly concerned for Petra’s welfare and are asking anyone who has seen her, or has information as to[3] her whereabouts, to ……………………………(make) contact immediately.”

Det Supt Clair Kelland, from the Central South Command Unit which covers the area that Petra lives in, said: “We continue to …………...... (grow) increasingly worried about Petra and we are doing everything we can to try to find her.

“Her disappearance is out of character and, of course, her loved ones are extremely concerned and want to know where she is.

“Please think about if you’ve seen her, or maybe come into contact with her. If you have any information whatsoever, please get in touch and help us with our inquiries.”

The Evelina hospital said on Twitter: “We are extremely concerned about our valued colleague Petra who is missing. We want to encourage anyone who may ……………………….(have) any information that could ………………………(help) to find her to contact the police.”

 



[1] ψηφοφόρος

[2] εκλογική περιφέρεια.

[3] about

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